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controlling inflammation is a critical, non-negotiable element

The way the body stores B12 in the liver

ARLD: alcohol-related liver disease BAs: bile acids CL: cardiolipin Cyt C: cytochrome c DAMPs: danger-associated molecular patterns Drp-1: dynamin-related protein 1 ER: endoplasmic reticulum ETC: electron transport chain FA: fatty acid FFA: free fatty acids GPX: glutathione peroxidase GSH: glutathione H 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxide HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma HSCs: hepatic stellate cells IL: interleukin IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane IRF: interferon regulatory factor KCs: Kupffer cells MAMs: mitochondrial-associated membranes MASH: metabolic-associated steatohepatitis MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MAT1A: methionine adenosyltransferase 1A mChol: mitochondrial cholesterol mGSH: mitochondrial glutathione mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 O 2 : molecular oxygen O 2 : superoxide anion OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation PC: phosphatidylcholine PE: phosphatidylethanolamine PGC-1: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 Prx: peroxiredoxins PS: phosphatidylserine ROS: reactive oxygen species SAM: S -adenosylmethionine carrier STARD1: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein TG: triglycerides Trx: thioredoxin Cartoons in Figures were created with BioRender.com

2023;101:skad354

These reports show that HBOT significantly reduces HI-mediated ROS production, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibits apoptosis by restoring the balance between pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins in newborns brains and blood (Table 1)