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Salt form selection (e.g., arginate vs acetate) is evaluated experimentally through physicochemical stability testing, degradation kinetics in simulated matrices, and analytical recovery under defined storage and assay conditions

Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) including 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated

Applications of deep learning and reinforcement learning to biological data

In addition to the physiological functions of protein-bound lipoic acid, there is increasing scientific and medical interest in potential therapeutic uses of pharmacological doses of free (unbound) lipoic acid (3)

Eligible studies had to report both microbiome measures (e.g., taxonomic composition) and hepatic parameters (e.g., histopathology, enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers)