Aging athletes, especially those over the age of 60, are also at risk for deficiency with age-related atrophic gastritis, low stomach acid, and an inadequate amount of a certain protein needed to absorb B12 (intrinsic factor)
The improvement in glucose handling within days, before significant fat loss, indicates that white fat vasculature itself may play an active role in metabolic regulation beyond just supplying fat cells with nutrients
research-amq-06 Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Sublingual and transdermal formulations have shown negligible absorption in bioavailability studies, making injection the only viable route for these compounds
Advantages of oral form over IM injection: Less nursing time on injections Less complexity of care Less discomfort/pain Less bleeding in patients who take anticoagulants Less costly according to some analyses Disadvantages of oral form over IM injection:: Greater risk of non-compliance In 1991, a survey done on Minneapolis internists led one commentary to conclude that oral vitamin B 12 replacement for pernicious anemia was one of medicines best kept secret. 18 In 1996, when the survey was repeated again in the same area, awareness and use of oral vitamin B 12 for pernicious anemia had increased substantially (019%), but the majority of doctors still remain unaware of this treatment option (61%)
